{"id":6578,"date":"2023-09-05T10:07:34","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T09:07:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/?page_id=6578"},"modified":"2023-09-07T09:52:15","modified_gmt":"2023-09-07T08:52:15","slug":"les-pays-rattaches","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/les-pays-rattaches\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Pays rattach\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"6578\" class=\"elementor elementor-6578\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a49f07 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"3a49f07\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-76ee118\" data-id=\"76ee118\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36f32a0 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"36f32a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef832ec ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ef832ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_text_clip&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pays rattach\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3853df7 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3853df7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fbde741 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"fbde741\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-28e3dad\" data-id=\"28e3dad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8970302 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8970302\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b161335 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"b161335\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3546a88\" data-id=\"3546a88\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57db20e ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"57db20e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59e37bb ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"59e37bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-703af54 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"703af54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0680790 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0680790\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pays rattach\u00e9s<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f83f322 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f83f322\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc40f8d ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fc40f8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3356bcd\" data-id=\"3356bcd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0d1ef9 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f0d1ef9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16e2542 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16e2542\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019euro a \u00e9t\u00e9 un des enjeux majeurs de la construction europ\u00e9enne. Sa r\u00e9ussite \u00e9tait conditionn\u00e9e par une r\u00e9partition claire des t\u00e2ches entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs institutionnels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3470258 elementor-widget-divider--view-line ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3470258\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b54779f wpr-main-menu-align-left wpr-main-menu-align--tabletleft wpr-main-menu-align--mobileleft wpr-pointer-underline wpr-pointer-line-fx wpr-pointer-fx-fade wpr-sub-icon-caret-down wpr-sub-menu-fx-fade wpr-nav-menu-bp-mobile wpr-mobile-menu-full-width wpr-mobile-menu-item-align-center wpr-mobile-toggle-v1 wpr-sub-divider-yes wpr-mobile-divider-yes ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-nav-menu\" data-id=\"b54779f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;menu_layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"wpr-nav-menu-container wpr-nav-menu-horizontal\" data-trigger=\"hover\" data-consider-header=\"\" data-scroll-speed=\"500\"><ul id=\"menu-1-b54779f\" class=\"wpr-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6861\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/pays-rattaches-andorre\/\" class=\"wpr-menu-item wpr-pointer-item\">Andorre<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6860\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/pays-rattaches-kosovo\/\" class=\"wpr-menu-item wpr-pointer-item\">Kosovo<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6859\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/pays-rattaches-monaco\/\" class=\"wpr-menu-item wpr-pointer-item\">M\u00f3naco<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6858\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/pays-rattaches-montenegro\/\" class=\"wpr-menu-item wpr-pointer-item\">Mont\u00e9n\u00e9gro<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6857\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/pays-rattaches-saint-marin\/\" class=\"wpr-menu-item wpr-pointer-item\">S\u00e3o Marinho<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6856\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/pays-rattaches-vatican\/\" class=\"wpr-menu-item wpr-pointer-item\">Vaticano<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/nav><nav class=\"wpr-mobile-nav-menu-container\"><div class=\"wpr-mobile-toggle-wrap\"><div class=\"wpr-mobile-toggle\"><span class=\"wpr-mobile-toggle-line\"><\/span><span class=\"wpr-mobile-toggle-line\"><\/span><span class=\"wpr-mobile-toggle-line\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><ul id=\"mobile-menu-2-b54779f\" class=\"wpr-mobile-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6861\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/pays-rattaches-andorre\/\" class=\"wpr-mobile-menu-item\">Andorre<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6860\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/pays-rattaches-kosovo\/\" class=\"wpr-mobile-menu-item\">Kosovo<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6859\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/pays-rattaches-monaco\/\" class=\"wpr-mobile-menu-item\">M\u00f3naco<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6858\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/pays-rattaches-montenegro\/\" class=\"wpr-mobile-menu-item\">Mont\u00e9n\u00e9gro<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6857\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/pays-rattaches-saint-marin\/\" class=\"wpr-mobile-menu-item\">S\u00e3o Marinho<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6856\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/pays-rattaches-vatican\/\" class=\"wpr-mobile-menu-item\">Vaticano<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/nav>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-524c9341 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"524c9341\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-799577dc\" data-id=\"799577dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-51efdd38\" data-id=\"51efdd38\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e1267d ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-creative-button\" data-id=\"44e1267d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"eael-creative-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"eael-creative-button-wrapper\">\n\n            <a class=\"eael-creative-button eael-creative-button--default eael-cb-icon-position-\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/les-pays\/\" data-text=\"\">\n            \t    \n                <div class=\"creative-button-inner\">\n\n                    \n                    <span class=\"cretive-button-text\">Pays zone Euro<\/span>\n\n                                    <\/div>\n\t                        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f6e0cc4\" data-id=\"2f6e0cc4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-730e8d84 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-creative-button\" data-id=\"730e8d84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"eael-creative-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"eael-creative-button-wrapper\">\n\n            <a class=\"eael-creative-button eael-creative-button--default eael-cb-icon-position-\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/les-pays-hors-zone-euro\/\" data-text=\"\">\n            \t    \n                <div class=\"creative-button-inner\">\n\n                    \n                    <span class=\"cretive-button-text\">Pays hors zone Euro<\/span>\n\n                                    <\/div>\n\t                        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd9c2c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"dd9c2c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-08a5e02\" data-id=\"08a5e02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d95b71 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5d95b71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ade0f7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4ade0f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f4a7262 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"f4a7262\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42d3f46\" data-id=\"42d3f46\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b765273 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b765273\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5370d8c ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5370d8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"titrepuce\">Les 27 pays de l&rsquo;Union Europ\u00e9enne<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abb74a3 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abb74a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>La <strong>Grande-Bretagne<\/strong> n\u2019a pas particip\u00e9 au Trait\u00e9 de Maastricht<\/li><li>Le <strong>Danemark\u00a0<\/strong>b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d\u2019une clause d\u2019exclusion (ce qui ne veut pas dire qu\u2019il n\u2019y aura pas d\u2019adh\u00e9sion ult\u00e9rieure)<\/li><li>Douze pays ont introduit l\u2019euro au 1er janvier 2002<\/li><li>La <strong>Eslov\u00e9nia\u00a0<\/strong>l\u2019a fait (13\u00e8me pays) en janvier 2007<\/li><li><strong>Chipre <\/strong>et\u00a0<strong>Malta\u00a0<\/strong>(14\u00e8me et 15\u00e8me) en janvier 2008<\/li><li>la <strong>Eslov\u00e1quia\u00a0<\/strong>(16\u00e8me) en janvier 2009<\/li><li>l&rsquo;<strong>Est\u00f3nia\u00a0<\/strong>(17\u00e8me) en janvier 2011<\/li><li>Les neuf pays restants (<strong>Bulgarie, Lituanie, Lettonie, Hongrie, Slovaquie, Pologne, Su\u00e8de, R\u00e9publique Tch\u00e8que, Roumanie<\/strong>) sont tous engag\u00e9s par leur Trait\u00e9 d\u2019adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 rejoindre l\u2019euro<\/li><li>La <strong>Su\u00e8de\u00a0<\/strong>est en quelque sorte \u00ab\u00a0en infraction\u00a0\u00bb<\/li><\/ul><p>Les prochaines introductions seront sans doute les deux \u00e9tats \u00ab\u00a0baltes\u00a0\u00bb restants, ou pourquoi pas le\u00a0<strong>Danemark\u00a0<\/strong>si un referendum l\u00e8ve les clauses \u00ab\u00a0opt out\u00a0\u00bb&#8230;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-01f589a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"01f589a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1a0c709\" data-id=\"1a0c709\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f639b ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c4f639b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-879576b elementor-widget-divider--view-line ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"879576b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-239cfac\" data-id=\"239cfac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9174da6 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9174da6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f5203ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"f5203ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38c71e9\" data-id=\"38c71e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc55d7e ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fc55d7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f39356 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f39356\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"titrepuce\">Les Etats non membres de l\u2019UE ayant l\u2019euro comme devise<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6fbda8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"6fbda8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd4c822\" data-id=\"bd4c822\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e3d45b ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e3d45b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Deux groupes de pays sont dans ce cas\u00a0:<\/p><ul><li><strong><u>Les \u00c9tats b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant d\u2019une association privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e<\/u><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>-Ces \u00ab micro-\u00e9tats \u00bb, enclav\u00e9s dans des \u00c9tats membres, sont li\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on tr\u00e8s \u00e9troite \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie de l\u2019UE. Deux sont en Italie (<strong>Vaticano\u00a0<\/strong>et\u00a0<strong>Saint Marin<\/strong>), le troisi\u00e8me en France (<strong>M\u00f3naco<\/strong>). Ces pays ayant vu leur monnaie pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente (lire, franc fran\u00e7ais) dispara\u00eetre ont adopt\u00e9 l\u2019euro \u00ab de facto\u00bb, mais aussi \u00ab de jure \u00bb, du fait d\u2019accords sp\u00e9cifiques conclus avec l\u2019Italie et la France leur conf\u00e9rant des droits d\u2019\u00e9mission particuliers.Ainsi semble-t-il int\u00e9ressant de donner quelques indications sur ces pays et sur leur politique vis-\u00e0-vis de l\u2019\u00e9mission de pi\u00e8ces (aucun ne peut \u00e9mettre de billets). Nous y consacrerons une partie de cette rubrique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1b330a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"1b330a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea4372b\" data-id=\"ea4372b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75e5a16 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"75e5a16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83a408e ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83a408e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t<li><strong><u>Les \u00c9tats utilisant l\u2019euro sans droits particuliers<\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote>Trois situations diff\u00e9rentes pour trois \u00c9tats europ\u00e9ens\u00a0:<\/blockquote>\n<ol>\n \t<li><strong>Andorre<\/strong>, qui pourrait \u00eatre identifi\u00e9 aux pays pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, a re\u00e7u l\u2019euro comme auparavant la peseta et le franc. C\u2019est une adoption \u00ab de facto\u00bb et non \u00ab de jure \u00bb, en l\u2019absence d\u2019accords sp\u00e9cifiques. Cette situation va changer, et l&rsquo;int\u00e9grer au groupe ci-dessus, pour la plus grande joie des collectionneurs.<\/li>\n \t<li>Le\u00a0<strong>Mont\u00e9n\u00e9gro<\/strong>, nouvellement ind\u00e9pendant, a choisi \u00ab\u00a0unilat\u00e9ralement\u00a0\u00bb l\u2019euro comme devise. Son int\u00e9gration ult\u00e9rieure d\u00e9pendra de son admission dans l\u2019UE, ainsi que du respect des crit\u00e8res. C\u2019est le seul pays ayant adopt\u00e9 l\u2019euro unilat\u00e9ralement, ce que l\u2019UE ne souhaite pas voir se reproduire.<\/li>\n \t<li>Le\u00a0<strong>Kosovo<\/strong>, r\u00e9publique de l&rsquo;Europe du Sud dont l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance proclam\u00e9e en 2008 est reconnue par de tr\u00e8s nombreux pays (dont la France). C\u2019est une adoption \u00ab de facto\u00bb et non \u00ab de jure \u00bb, car apr\u00e8s les interventions militaires, c\u2019est le Deutschemark qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi comme monnaie, remplac\u00e9 ensuite par l\u2019euro.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote>Nous consacrerons \u00e0 ces pays la seconde partie de cette rubrique.<\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d27bf26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"d27bf26\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3dca896\" data-id=\"3dca896\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b026d8b ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b026d8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dcc5ba elementor-widget-divider--view-line ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5dcc5ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-663bd91\" data-id=\"663bd91\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-948f915 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"948f915\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9a8d15f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"9a8d15f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b44a90\" data-id=\"3b44a90\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad ob-bb-inner elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8198344 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"8198344\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f154249\" data-id=\"f154249\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6e173a ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a6e173a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><u>Rappel\u00a0: Conditions et modalit\u00e9s d\u2019introduction de l\u2019euro<\/u><\/strong><\/p><p>L\u2019UE a tir\u00e9 des enseignements de la premi\u00e8re introduction au moins sur les points suivants :<\/p><ul><li>instituer une p\u00e9riode de convergence beaucoup plus contraignante que le SME, dont on pouvait entrer ou sortir \u00e0 sa guise ; le nouveau m\u00e9canisme, appel\u00e9 MCE II (M\u00e9canisme de Change Europ\u00e9en), ou en anglais ERM II (Exchange Rate Mechanism), ne souffre pas de ces approximations. Lorsqu&rsquo;un \u00c9tat y adh\u00e8re, sa parit\u00e9 pivot par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019Euro est fix\u00e9e (laquelle a pour vocation \u00e0 devenir, sauf incident, la parit\u00e9 d\u00e9finitive et irr\u00e9vocable lors de l\u2019introduction) ; la fluctuation ne peut exc\u00e9der +\/- 15%, mais peut, selon l\u2019\u00e9conomie du pays, aller jusqu\u2019\u00e0 0 % de variation (cas de Malte en particulier)<\/li><li>Instituer une surveillance \u00e9conomique par le biais de \u00ab\u00a0rapports de convergence\u00a0\u00bb, tous les ans ou tous les deux ans, des nouveaux candidats<\/li><li>Raccourcir la p\u00e9riode de pr\u00e9paration, trois ans ayant sembl\u00e9 bien trop long (d\u2019ailleurs, deux ans ont suffi \u00e0 la Gr\u00e8ce).\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d9660 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"23d9660\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4295115 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"4295115\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-26b2c89\" data-id=\"26b2c89\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341ca2a ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"341ca2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-455440a ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"455440a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"titrepuce\">Il faut aussi noter :<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c60d4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"0c60d4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c7e99e1\" data-id=\"c7e99e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad ob-bb-inner elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-18c33c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"18c33c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ded98ff\" data-id=\"ded98ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfa9805 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bfa9805\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n \t<li>inciter \u00e0 une courte p\u00e9riode de double circulation, voire au mod\u00e8le allemand sans double circulation (ce choix avait suscit\u00e9 l\u2019incr\u00e9dulit\u00e9 de ses partenaires, en particulier \u00e0 cause de l\u2019\u00e9norme masse mon\u00e9taire en cause, mais s\u2019est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e un grand succ\u00e8s, \u00e9vitant surtout le probl\u00e8me de la \u00ab\u00a0double caisse\u00a0\u00bb aux commer\u00e7ants) ; les plans connus \u00e0 ce jour pr\u00e9voient une introduction de l\u2019Euro simultan\u00e9ment au retrait des monnaies nationales en Estonie, deux semaines de double circulation en Lituanie (non communiqu\u00e9 en Lettonie)<\/li>\n \n \t<li>une application tr\u00e8s rigoureuse des crit\u00e8res de Maastricht pour les nouveaux venus<\/li>\n \t<li>L\u2019accent mis sur la communication vis-\u00e0-vis du public<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-439b469\" data-id=\"439b469\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0be403 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0be403\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote><p>En effet, un pays candidat doit satisfaire \u00e0 cinq crit\u00e8res :<\/p><ul><li>Une participation durant deux ans \u00e0 MCE II en ayant d\u00e9montr\u00e9 la stabilit\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire<\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote><p align=\"justify\">Les quatre autres crit\u00e8res sont ceux de Maastricht :<\/p><ul><li>D\u00e9ficit public inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 3 % du PIB<\/li><li>Dette publique inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 60 % du PIB<\/li><li>Inflation inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne des trois meilleurs pays UE + 1,5 %<\/li><li>Taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 long terme inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la moyenne des trois meilleurs pays UE + 2 %<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37e3e74 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"37e3e74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1b44212 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"1b44212\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-730c3c5\" data-id=\"730c3c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e80a2d0 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e80a2d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83c1b63 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83c1b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>On notera que les deux premiers crit\u00e8res ne sont pas appr\u00e9ci\u00e9s dans l&rsquo;absolu, mais plut\u00f4t en tendance ; ainsi, la dette publique de Chypre est de 72 %, sup\u00e9rieure donc \u00e0 l&rsquo;objectif de 60 % du PIB, mais les rapports de convergence de la BCE montrent que ce pays diminue r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement sa dette et devrait atteindre l&rsquo;objectif. Ce ne sera donc pas un obstacle \u00e0 la qualification de ce pays. Cependant, les autres crit\u00e8res doivent \u00eatre respect\u00e9s strictement, comme le montre (jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;absurde) le rejet de l&rsquo;introduction lituanienne pour 0,1 point d&rsquo;inflation.<\/p><p>En cas de succ\u00e8s, l\u2019Euro peut \u00eatre introduit dans les six mois.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4027656 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"4027656\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2294264\" data-id=\"2294264\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93046e9 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"93046e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-035e696 elementor-widget-divider--view-line ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"035e696\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-95e1da0\" data-id=\"95e1da0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0146ac ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f0146ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7e1f87b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"7e1f87b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e9ada4c\" data-id=\"e9ada4c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74379bc ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"74379bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dab41c8 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dab41c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">BIBLIOGRAPHIE ET LIENS<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b96a422 elementor-widget-divider--view-line ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b96a422\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-20adc34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"20adc34\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ed4238a\" data-id=\"ed4238a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a07d5ed ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a07d5ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Pour une connaissance des pays et des peuples, les indispensables <em>Atlas des Peuples d\u2019Europe Centrale<\/em>\u00a0(tous les nouveaux pays \u00e0 l\u2019exception de Malte) et\u00a0<em>Atlas des Peuples d\u2019Europe Occidentale<\/em> de A. et J. Sellier Editions La D\u00e9couverte, d\u2019une extr\u00eame clart\u00e9<\/li><li>Pour une vue synth\u00e9tique de la construction europ\u00e9enne : <em>L\u2019Europe, 25 pays<\/em>\u00a0une histoire publi\u00e9e par Librio et Le Monde ; toujours excellent et richement illustr\u00e9\u00a0<em>L\u2019Europe, petite histoire d\u2019une grande id\u00e9e<\/em>, de B. Angel et J. Lafitte, \u00e9ditions D\u00e9couvertes Gallimard<\/li><li>Plus fouill\u00e9s pour des chiffres et statistiques : <em>L\u2019opinion europ\u00e9enne en 2006<\/em>, sous la direction de D. Paill\u00e9, La Table Ronde &#8211; Fondation Robert Schuman ; tr\u00e8s p\u00e9dagogique avec ses fiches :\u00a0<em>Enjeux et rouages de l\u2019Europe actuelle<\/em>, enseignement sup\u00e9rieur Foucher, LMD collection<\/li><li>Egalement, <em>O\u00f9 va l\u2019Europe<\/em>\u00a0de Ph. Moreau Defarges Edition Eyrolles, ainsi que\u00a0<em>Une Europe en crise ?<\/em> de J-F Drevet, Dossier N\u00b0 8052 &#8211; La documentation Fran\u00e7aise<\/li><li>Wikipedia : des pages toujours actualis\u00e9es sur chaque pays<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pays rattach\u00e9s Introduction Pays rattach\u00e9s L\u2019euro a \u00e9t\u00e9 un des enjeux majeurs de la construction europ\u00e9enne. Sa r\u00e9ussite \u00e9tait conditionn\u00e9e par une r\u00e9partition claire des t\u00e2ches entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs institutionnels. Vatican Saint-Marin Mont\u00e9n\u00e9gro Monaco Kosovo Andorre Vatican Saint-Marin Mont\u00e9n\u00e9gro Monaco Kosovo Andorre Pays zone Euro Pays hors zone Euro Les 27 pays de l&rsquo;Union Europ\u00e9enne La Grande-Bretagne n\u2019a pas particip\u00e9 au Trait\u00e9 de Maastricht Le Danemark\u00a0b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d\u2019une clause d\u2019exclusion (ce qui ne veut pas dire qu\u2019il n\u2019y aura pas d\u2019adh\u00e9sion ult\u00e9rieure) Douze pays ont introduit l\u2019euro au 1er janvier 2002 La Slov\u00e9nie\u00a0l\u2019a fait (13\u00e8me pays) en janvier 2007 Chypre et\u00a0Malte\u00a0(14\u00e8me et 15\u00e8me) en janvier 2008 la Slovaquie\u00a0(16\u00e8me) en janvier 2009 l&rsquo;Estonie\u00a0(17\u00e8me) en janvier 2011 Les neuf pays restants (Bulgarie, Lituanie, Lettonie, Hongrie, Slovaquie, Pologne, Su\u00e8de, R\u00e9publique Tch\u00e8que, Roumanie) sont tous engag\u00e9s par leur Trait\u00e9 d\u2019adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 rejoindre l\u2019euro La Su\u00e8de\u00a0est en quelque sorte \u00ab\u00a0en infraction\u00a0\u00bb Les prochaines introductions seront sans doute les deux \u00e9tats \u00ab\u00a0baltes\u00a0\u00bb restants, ou pourquoi pas le\u00a0Danemark\u00a0si un referendum l\u00e8ve les clauses \u00ab\u00a0opt out\u00a0\u00bb&#8230; Les Etats non membres de l\u2019UE ayant l\u2019euro comme devise Deux groupes de pays sont dans ce cas\u00a0: Les \u00c9tats b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant d\u2019une association privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e \u00a0 -Ces \u00ab micro-\u00e9tats \u00bb, enclav\u00e9s dans des \u00c9tats membres, sont li\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on tr\u00e8s \u00e9troite \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie de l\u2019UE. Deux sont en Italie (Vatican\u00a0et\u00a0Saint Marin), le troisi\u00e8me en France (Monaco). Ces pays ayant vu leur monnaie pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente (lire, franc fran\u00e7ais) dispara\u00eetre ont adopt\u00e9 l\u2019euro \u00ab de facto\u00bb, mais aussi \u00ab de jure \u00bb, du fait d\u2019accords sp\u00e9cifiques conclus avec l\u2019Italie et la France leur conf\u00e9rant des droits d\u2019\u00e9mission particuliers.Ainsi semble-t-il int\u00e9ressant de donner quelques indications sur ces pays et sur leur politique vis-\u00e0-vis de l\u2019\u00e9mission de pi\u00e8ces (aucun ne peut \u00e9mettre de billets). Nous y consacrerons une partie de cette rubrique. Les \u00c9tats utilisant l\u2019euro sans droits particuliers Trois situations diff\u00e9rentes pour trois \u00c9tats europ\u00e9ens\u00a0: Andorre, qui pourrait \u00eatre identifi\u00e9 aux pays pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, a re\u00e7u l\u2019euro comme auparavant la peseta et le franc. C\u2019est une adoption \u00ab de facto\u00bb et non \u00ab de jure \u00bb, en l\u2019absence d\u2019accords sp\u00e9cifiques. Cette situation va changer, et l&rsquo;int\u00e9grer au groupe ci-dessus, pour la plus grande joie des collectionneurs. Le\u00a0Mont\u00e9n\u00e9gro, nouvellement ind\u00e9pendant, a choisi \u00ab\u00a0unilat\u00e9ralement\u00a0\u00bb l\u2019euro comme devise. Son int\u00e9gration ult\u00e9rieure d\u00e9pendra de son admission dans l\u2019UE, ainsi que du respect des crit\u00e8res. C\u2019est le seul pays ayant adopt\u00e9 l\u2019euro unilat\u00e9ralement, ce que l\u2019UE ne souhaite pas voir se reproduire. Le\u00a0Kosovo, r\u00e9publique de l&rsquo;Europe du Sud dont l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance proclam\u00e9e en 2008 est reconnue par de tr\u00e8s nombreux pays (dont la France). C\u2019est une adoption \u00ab de facto\u00bb et non \u00ab de jure \u00bb, car apr\u00e8s les interventions militaires, c\u2019est le Deutschemark qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi comme monnaie, remplac\u00e9 ensuite par l\u2019euro. Nous consacrerons \u00e0 ces pays la seconde partie de cette rubrique. Rappel\u00a0: Conditions et modalit\u00e9s d\u2019introduction de l\u2019euro L\u2019UE a tir\u00e9 des enseignements de la premi\u00e8re introduction au moins sur les points suivants : instituer une p\u00e9riode de convergence beaucoup plus contraignante que le SME, dont on pouvait entrer ou sortir \u00e0 sa guise ; le nouveau m\u00e9canisme, appel\u00e9 MCE II (M\u00e9canisme de Change Europ\u00e9en), ou en anglais ERM II (Exchange Rate Mechanism), ne souffre pas de ces approximations. Lorsqu&rsquo;un \u00c9tat y adh\u00e8re, sa parit\u00e9 pivot par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019Euro est fix\u00e9e (laquelle a pour vocation \u00e0 devenir, sauf incident, la parit\u00e9 d\u00e9finitive et irr\u00e9vocable lors de l\u2019introduction) ; la fluctuation ne peut exc\u00e9der +\/- 15%, mais peut, selon l\u2019\u00e9conomie du pays, aller jusqu\u2019\u00e0 0 % de variation (cas de Malte en particulier) Instituer une surveillance \u00e9conomique par le biais de \u00ab\u00a0rapports de convergence\u00a0\u00bb, tous les ans ou tous les deux ans, des nouveaux candidats Raccourcir la p\u00e9riode de pr\u00e9paration, trois ans ayant sembl\u00e9 bien trop long (d\u2019ailleurs, deux ans ont suffi \u00e0 la Gr\u00e8ce).\u00a0 Il faut aussi noter : inciter \u00e0 une courte p\u00e9riode de double circulation, voire au mod\u00e8le allemand sans double circulation (ce choix avait suscit\u00e9 l\u2019incr\u00e9dulit\u00e9 de ses partenaires, en particulier \u00e0 cause de l\u2019\u00e9norme masse mon\u00e9taire en cause, mais s\u2019est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e un grand succ\u00e8s, \u00e9vitant surtout le probl\u00e8me de la \u00ab\u00a0double caisse\u00a0\u00bb aux commer\u00e7ants) ; les plans connus \u00e0 ce jour pr\u00e9voient une introduction de l\u2019Euro simultan\u00e9ment au retrait des monnaies nationales en Estonie, deux semaines de double circulation en Lituanie (non communiqu\u00e9 en Lettonie) une application tr\u00e8s rigoureuse des crit\u00e8res de Maastricht pour les nouveaux venus L\u2019accent mis sur la communication vis-\u00e0-vis du public En effet, un pays candidat doit satisfaire \u00e0 cinq crit\u00e8res : Une participation durant deux ans \u00e0 MCE II en ayant d\u00e9montr\u00e9 la stabilit\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire Les quatre autres crit\u00e8res sont ceux de Maastricht : D\u00e9ficit public inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 3 % du PIB Dette publique inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 60 % du PIB Inflation inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne des trois meilleurs pays UE + 1,5 % Taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 long terme inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la moyenne des trois meilleurs pays UE + 2 % On notera que les deux premiers crit\u00e8res ne sont pas appr\u00e9ci\u00e9s dans l&rsquo;absolu, mais plut\u00f4t en tendance ; ainsi, la dette publique de Chypre est de 72 %, sup\u00e9rieure donc \u00e0 l&rsquo;objectif de 60 % du PIB, mais les rapports de convergence de la BCE montrent que ce pays diminue r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement sa dette et devrait atteindre l&rsquo;objectif. Ce ne sera donc pas un obstacle \u00e0 la qualification de ce pays. Cependant, les autres crit\u00e8res doivent \u00eatre respect\u00e9s strictement, comme le montre (jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;absurde) le rejet de l&rsquo;introduction lituanienne pour 0,1 point d&rsquo;inflation. En cas de succ\u00e8s, l\u2019Euro peut \u00eatre introduit dans les six mois. BIBLIOGRAPHIE ET LIENS Pour une connaissance des pays et des peuples, les indispensables Atlas des Peuples d\u2019Europe Centrale\u00a0(tous les nouveaux pays \u00e0 l\u2019exception de Malte) et\u00a0Atlas des Peuples d\u2019Europe Occidentale de A. et J. Sellier Editions La D\u00e9couverte, d\u2019une extr\u00eame clart\u00e9 Pour une vue synth\u00e9tique de la construction europ\u00e9enne : L\u2019Europe, 25 pays\u00a0une histoire publi\u00e9e par Librio et Le Monde ; toujours excellent et richement illustr\u00e9\u00a0L\u2019Europe, petite histoire d\u2019une grande id\u00e9e, de B. Angel et J. Lafitte, \u00e9ditions D\u00e9couvertes Gallimard Plus fouill\u00e9s pour des chiffres<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[420],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6578","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized-fr","pmpro-has-access"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6578"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6578\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}