{"id":4636,"date":"2023-08-08T14:22:45","date_gmt":"2023-08-08T13:22:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/?page_id=4636"},"modified":"2025-06-25T14:12:44","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T13:12:44","slug":"catalogue-en-ligne-types","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/catalogue-en-ligne-types\/","title":{"rendered":"Catalogue en ligne &#8211; Types"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4636\" class=\"elementor elementor-4636\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6059d67a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"6059d67a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29f64391\" data-id=\"29f64391\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39e3489a ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"39e3489a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31aa0efa ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31aa0efa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_text_clip&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ONLINE CATALOGUE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a2ab4d2 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6a2ab4d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad ob-bb-inner elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-68f6f071 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"68f6f071\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-66c0160b\" data-id=\"66c0160b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26ad7314 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-creative-button\" data-id=\"26ad7314\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"eael-creative-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"eael-creative-button-wrapper\">\n\n            <a class=\"eael-creative-button eael-creative-button--default eael-cb-icon-position-\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/catalogue-en-ligne-general\/\" data-text=\"\">\n            \t    \n                <div class=\"creative-button-inner\">\n\n                    \n                    <span class=\"cretive-button-text\">PRESENTATION<\/span>\n\n                                    <\/div>\n\t                        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-34c63b2\" data-id=\"34c63b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4825731e ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-creative-button\" data-id=\"4825731e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"eael-creative-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"eael-creative-button-wrapper\">\n\n            <a class=\"eael-creative-button eael-creative-button--default eael-cb-icon-position-\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/catalogue-en-ligne-cles-de-lecture\/\" data-text=\"\">\n            \t    \n                <div class=\"creative-button-inner\">\n\n                    \n                    <span class=\"cretive-button-text\">READING KEYS<\/span>\n\n                                    <\/div>\n\t                        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-787b0c9c\" data-id=\"787b0c9c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e23312e ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-creative-button\" data-id=\"7e23312e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"eael-creative-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"eael-creative-button-wrapper\">\n\n            <a class=\"eael-creative-button eael-creative-button--default eael-cb-icon-position-\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/catalogue-en-ligne-types-variante-variete-artefact\/\" data-text=\"\">\n            \t    \n                <div class=\"creative-button-inner\">\n\n                    \n                    <span class=\"cretive-button-text\">TYPES<\/span>\n\n                                    <\/div>\n\t                        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5f7977c0\" data-id=\"5f7977c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4608bc10 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-creative-button\" data-id=\"4608bc10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"eael-creative-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"eael-creative-button-wrapper\">\n\n            <a class=\"eael-creative-button eael-creative-button--default eael-cb-icon-position-\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/catalogue-en-ligne-photographier-sa-collection\/\" data-text=\"\">\n            \t    \n                <div class=\"creative-button-inner\">\n\n                    \n                    <span class=\"cretive-button-text\">PHOTOGRAPHING YOUR COLLECTION<\/span>\n\n                                    <\/div>\n\t                        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f8a1b3b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"f8a1b3b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d5bbf85\" data-id=\"d5bbf85\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33b8481 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"33b8481\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-438e4279 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"438e4279\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5004e608\" data-id=\"5004e608\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42640a93 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"42640a93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55adc5a9 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55adc5a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Presentation<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52e1e9cc ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52e1e9cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Type &#8211; Variante &#8211; Vari\u00e9t\u00e9 &#8211; Artefact<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-702d459a ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"702d459a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e488485\" data-id=\"3e488485\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-382ced5f ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"382ced5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Il est clair que toutes ces d\u00e9finitions sont extensibles selon les s\u00e9ries mon\u00e9taires \u00e9tudi\u00e9es et selon la pr\u00e9cision avec laquelle elles sont \u00e9tudi\u00e9es.<\/p><p>Par exemple, avant l\u2019invention de la duplication des coins par matrices, d\u2019innombrables variantes pouvaient \u00eatre d\u00e9couvertes dans un m\u00eame type (d\u00e9fini uniquement et strictement par le texte officiel le cr\u00e9ant).<\/p><p>La sp\u00e9cialisation joue aussi un grand r\u00f4le dans la d\u00e9finition et l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation de l\u2019importance des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s : une \u00e9tude aussi pr\u00e9cise que celle de G\u00e9rard Cr\u00e9pin sur les doubles tournois, qui prend en compte poin\u00e7ons de buste, l\u00e9gendes, ponctuation des l\u00e9gendes et d\u00e9tails \u00e9pigraphiques, transformerait un simple FRANCI\u00c6 IV (Monnaies royales 1540-1610) en ouvrage de douze tomes \u00e0 lui tout seul.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad ob-bb-inner elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-23fe31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"23fe31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-653a8ad3\" data-id=\"653a8ad3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e286845 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e286845\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71e0ee2d ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71e0ee2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>TYPE MON\u00c9TAIRE<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6858e8fc elementor-widget-divider--view-line ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6858e8fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b111e48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"b111e48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9fe129\" data-id=\"c9fe129\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bbf94a ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2bbf94a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un\u00a0<strong><em>type mon\u00e9taire<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0est d\u00e9fini par les gravures d\u2019avers ET de revers identiques pour des monnaies destin\u00e9es \u00e0 la circulation. Hors circulation, elles deviennent des essais.<br \/>Deux monnaies sont de m\u00eame type si elles proviennent des deux m\u00eames matrices d\u2019avers et de revers. Les matrices sont les mod\u00e8les en relief utilis\u00e9s pour fabriquer les coins en creux avec lesquels les monnaies seront frapp\u00e9es. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque moderne, les quantit\u00e9s de coins utilis\u00e9es sont effarantes, compte tenu des masses de monnaies \u00e0 produire : un atelier mon\u00e9taire comme Pessac consommait en moyenne deux cents coins par jour en 2001.<\/p><p><strong>Un type correspond \u00e0 un num\u00e9ro dans le catalogue en ligne.<\/strong><\/p><p>Les distinctions mineures de matrices ne sont habituellement pas relev\u00e9es, sauf quand elles apportent une information particuli\u00e8re ou qu\u2019elles sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme intentionnelles.<\/p><p>Exemple de changement de matrice : les petites et grandes \u00e9toiles dans les \u00e9missions belges (fig. 1). Ce n\u2019est pas un changement de type car les deux mod\u00e8les sont produits ensemble et il n\u2019y a pas de r\u00e9elle intention de diff\u00e9rence. En revanche, le changement de face europ\u00e9enne des monnaies \u00e0 compter de 2007-2008 provoque un nouveau type pour les monnaies frapp\u00e9es avec la nouvelle carte car le changement est intentionnel et a une signification.<br \/>On peut parler de s\u00e9rie de types lorsque, pour des valeurs faciales, diam\u00e8tres, tranches ou m\u00e9taux diff\u00e9rents, il y a unicit\u00e9 de dessin et d\u2019artiste pour le mod\u00e8le initial. C\u2019est une caract\u00e9ristique des s\u00e9ries euro qui, le plus souvent, ont un seul type (Irlande, Belgique) ou quelques types (France, Allemagne).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c48eb85 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c48eb85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-134a495 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"134a495\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3d16d86\" data-id=\"3d16d86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cece04 elementor-widget-divider--view-line ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7cece04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d0fe8f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"d0fe8f4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5f50757\" data-id=\"5f50757\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69126f4 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69126f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-size: 1rem;\"><strong>Exemple de changement de matrice<\/strong> : les petites et grandes \u00e9toiles dans les \u00e9missions belges (fig. 1). Ce n\u2019est pas un changement de type car les deux mod\u00e8les sont produits ensemble et il n\u2019y a pas de r\u00e9elle intention de diff\u00e9rence. En revanche, le changement de face europ\u00e9enne des monnaies \u00e0 compter de 2007-2008 provoque un nouveau type pour les monnaies frapp\u00e9es avec la nouvelle carte car le changement est intentionnel et a une signification.<\/span><\/p><p>On peut parler de s\u00e9rie de types lorsque, pour des valeurs faciales, diam\u00e8tres, tranches ou m\u00e9taux diff\u00e9rents, il y a unicit\u00e9 de dessin et d\u2019artiste pour le mod\u00e8le initial. C\u2019est une caract\u00e9ristique des s\u00e9ries euro qui, le plus souvent, ont un seul type (Irlande, Belgique) ou quelques types (France, Allemagne).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0128b02\" data-id=\"0128b02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75211af ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"75211af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"432\" height=\"301\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/010600_1et2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4637\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/010600_1et2.jpg 432w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/010600_1et2-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/010600_1et2-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b8d691e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"b8d691e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b28bb45\" data-id=\"b28bb45\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ac608a ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ac608a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Fig. 1 &#8211; Les petites et grandes \u00e9toiles belges<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-156ad35 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"156ad35\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-041e36e\" data-id=\"041e36e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-791d97b ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"791d97b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf8a155 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bf8a155\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\">On parle de type\u00a0<em><strong>hybride\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>lorsque des matrices d\u2019avers et de revers dont il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas pr\u00e9vu qu\u2019elles soient utilis\u00e9es ensemble le sont par inadvertance ou par n\u00e9cessit\u00e9.<\/p><p align=\"justify\">\u00a0Bien qu\u2019il existe des erreurs d\u2019utilisation de paires de coins qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse des bifaces identiques (fig. 2) ou des 1 euro sur flan de 20 cent (fig. 3), ce sont des artefacts car infiniment trop rares et surtout sans possibilit\u00e9 de circulation : le public les remarque imm\u00e9diatement et les donne \u00e0 un collectionneur ou les rapporte \u00e0 sa banque pour \u00e9change. (Errare humanum est !)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-19d6584\" data-id=\"19d6584\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60d12c7 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60d12c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nous avons par exemple un type hybride lorsque les ateliers utilisent la vieille carte d\u2019Europe en face commune avec un mill\u00e9sime pr\u00e9vu pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 avec la nouvelle carte d\u2019Europe.<\/p><p>Avant que l\u2019erreur ne soit d\u00e9tect\u00e9e, ces pi\u00e8ces circulent sans probl\u00e8me dans le public qui ne remarque manifestement rien.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-20f8869 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"20f8869\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-552e5d0\" data-id=\"552e5d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc49c72 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fc49c72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"387\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1_a_070000_00_01_a.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4643\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1_a_070000_00_01_a.jpg 780w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1_a_070000_00_01_a-300x149.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1_a_070000_00_01_a-768x381.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1_a_070000_00_01_a-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/1_a_070000_00_01_a-600x298.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33132e4\" data-id=\"33132e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d6bae ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5d6bae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Fig. 2 &#8211; Une pi\u00e8ce de 1 euro \u00e0 bifaces identiques<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-047a395 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"047a395\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d242db\" data-id=\"6d242db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5bdbd5 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c5bdbd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3_a_074100_03_01.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4642\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3_a_074100_03_01.jpg 780w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3_a_074100_03_01-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3_a_074100_03_01-768x386.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3_a_074100_03_01-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3_a_074100_03_01-600x302.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-74c72bb\" data-id=\"74c72bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a34c95 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a34c95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Fig. 3 &#8211; Une pi\u00e8ce de 1 euro fran\u00e7aise sur le flan d&rsquo;une 20 cent<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad ob-bb-inner elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a904de8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"a904de8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b66d63c\" data-id=\"b66d63c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ed10b0 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2ed10b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7c545d ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7c545d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>VARIANTES<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b074d5e elementor-widget-divider--view-line ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b074d5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d4e400 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"0d4e400\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a369bb4\" data-id=\"a369bb4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b6f7b0 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b6f7b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pour un m\u00eame type mon\u00e9taire (m\u00eames gravures d\u2019avers et de revers), il existe souvent de nombreuses variantes qui correspondent aux diff\u00e9rents coins produits durant les diff\u00e9rentes ann\u00e9es pendant lesquelles le type est utilis\u00e9.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Ces variantes sont intentionnelles et elles ont une signification. On trouve, liste non exhaustive, les variantes de mill\u00e9simes, d\u2019ateliers, de diff\u00e9rents de ma\u00eetres graveurs, \u00e9ventuellement de plusieurs diff\u00e9rents, \u00e9ventuellement des variantes de taille des diff\u00e9rents ou lettres d\u2019atelier.<\/p><p>Exemple de variante : l&rsquo;orientation de l&rsquo;abeille sur la 1 euro 1999 fran\u00e7aise (fig. 4).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6319959\" data-id=\"6319959\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eefb4c0 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"eefb4c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"467\" height=\"465\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/A.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4649\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/A.jpg 467w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/A-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/A-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/A-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/A-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 467px) 100vw, 467px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-718e6b7 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"718e6b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"465\" height=\"465\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/B.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4648\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/B.jpg 465w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/B-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/B-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/B-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/B-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3d5701b\" data-id=\"3d5701b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef2643b ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef2643b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Fig. 4 &#8211; Variante (en bas) de la 1euro 1999 fran\u00e7aise<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6bcf48a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"6bcf48a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-99f9193\" data-id=\"99f9193\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77555ac ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"77555ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad ob-bb-inner elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2ebac7b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"2ebac7b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0671836\" data-id=\"0671836\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce21cd9 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce21cd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La r\u00e8gle absolue est que ces variantes doivent correspondre \u00e0 des frappes ou des coins diff\u00e9rents et doivent avoir une signification ou un sens numismatique.<\/p><p>Parmi les cas \u00ab limite \u00bb, on trouve par exemple les tranches A et B dans les 2 euro qui n\u2019ont certainement aucune signification mon\u00e9taire mais sont reconnues comme variantes de plein droit par les collectionneurs depuis le d\u00e9but.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1fae95a\" data-id=\"1fae95a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4a42c6 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4a42c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>La variante d\u2019un type a une ligne propre et un sous-num\u00e9ro dans le catalogue en ligne.<\/strong><\/p><p>Notons cependant que pour les comm\u00e9moratives euro non circulantes, trop peu de collectionneurs s\u2019int\u00e9ressent aux tranches A et B pour cr\u00e9er des sous-num\u00e9ros suppl\u00e9mentaires.<br \/>Les diff\u00e9rences non intentionnelles de gravure sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es soit comme des variantes, soit comme des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s, soit ne sont pas distingu\u00e9es (nous verrons ces deux derniers cas dans les paragraphes suivants), le plus souvent selon l\u2019usage.<\/p><p><strong>Note :<\/strong>\u00a0le terme \u00ab\u00a0vari\u00e9t\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb \u00e9tant utilis\u00e9 par une grande partie des collectionneurs, et la langue anglaise ne proposant qu&rsquo;un terme pour parler tant des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s\u00a0que des variantes, nous utiliserons\u00a0g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le terme d&rsquo;usage \u00ab\u00a0vari\u00e9t\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb au d\u00e9triment du terme plus acad\u00e9mique de \u00ab\u00a0variante\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad ob-bb-inner elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1566447 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"1566447\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-732be50\" data-id=\"732be50\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b473fba ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b473fba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-035ff58 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"035ff58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>VARIETIES<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c69b64e elementor-widget-divider--view-line ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c69b64e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6796b79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"6796b79\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-14d37cd\" data-id=\"14d37cd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afeb1bb ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"afeb1bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Une\u00a0<em><strong>vari\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>est une diff\u00e9rence non intentionnelle d\u2019une variante, sans justification l\u00e9gale particuli\u00e8re, pr\u00e9sente dans le coin.<\/p><p><strong>Dans le catalogue en ligne, elle est signal\u00e9e par une note en commentaires.<\/strong><\/p><p>Sont par exemple des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s les flans minces ou \u00e9pais, les poids diff\u00e9rents de la norme, les points, en plus ou en moins, connus par un nombre tr\u00e8s faible d\u2019exemplaires, les qualit\u00e9s de frappe erron\u00e9es r\u00e9p\u00e9titives. Les diff\u00e9rences extr\u00eamement t\u00e9nues de gravure sont assimil\u00e9es \u00e0 des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s. En d\u2019autres termes, une variante cesse de l\u2019\u00eatre pour n\u2019\u00eatre qu\u2019une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 quand la diff\u00e9rence ne saute pas aux yeux. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, c\u2019est le jugement du public qui, \u00e0 long terme, d\u00e9cide de ce qui a l\u2019importance d\u2019une variante ou peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une simple vari\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p><p>Ne sont pas signal\u00e9es du tout les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s, m\u00eame quand elles sont cr\u00e9ees par un coin diff\u00e9rent, qui ne peuvent \u00eatre \u00ab isol\u00e9es \u00bb et \u00ab d\u00e9finies \u00bb. Par exemple, les diff\u00e9rences de largeur des centres des bi-m\u00e9talliques sont pratiquement impossible \u00e0 cataloguer : o\u00f9 commence le \u00ab centre large \u00bb et o\u00f9 s\u2019arr\u00eate le \u00ab centre court \u00bb ?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad ob-bb-inner elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-609e49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"609e49a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d1ddb55\" data-id=\"d1ddb55\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ac4691 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3ac4691\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a3dfbc ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a3dfbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>LES ARTEFACTS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03c5c06 elementor-widget-divider--view-line ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"03c5c06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6f46d3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"6f46d3a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dbdaa81\" data-id=\"dbdaa81\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11b5834 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11b5834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Il s\u2019agit de d\u00e9fauts de fabrication. En premier lieu, les pi\u00e8ces r\u00e9sultant de coins bouch\u00e9s, fendus, cass\u00e9s, ray\u00e9s etc\u2026 Ensuite, les hoquets de la machine :<\/p><p>tr\u00e9flage, d\u00e9centrage, double-frappe, casquettes (deux flans superpos\u00e9s et d\u00e9cal\u00e9s, frapp\u00e9s et agglom\u00e9r\u00e9s ensemble), erreur de flan, coins bouch\u00e9s, erreur de coin etc\u2026 Enfin, les variations r\u00e9sultant, non pas de la maladresse du monnayeur, mais des moyens dont il disposait pour fabriquer les coins (voir fig. 5 et 6 pour des exemples d&rsquo;artefacts, pour plus d&rsquo;informations, voir le\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/de\/2\">catalogue en ligne<\/a>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c8a1728 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"c8a1728\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8575fa2\" data-id=\"8575fa2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7780a27 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7780a27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ces d\u00e9fauts de fabrication ne sont pas li\u00e9s \u00e0 un coin particulier, ni bien entendu d\u00e9cid\u00e9s par un texte officiel. Une pi\u00e8ce peut passer d\u2019artefact \u00e0 vari\u00e9t\u00e9 : il suffit qu\u2019elle existe en quantit\u00e9 suffisante et soit reconnue par les collectionneurs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad ob-bb-inner elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cafef3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"5cafef3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b8b406a\" data-id=\"b8b406a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00a1c0f ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"00a1c0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"799\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2_a_061500_10_01.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4651\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2_a_061500_10_01.jpg 780w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2_a_061500_10_01-293x300.jpg 293w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2_a_061500_10_01-768x787.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2_a_061500_10_01-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2_a_061500_10_01-600x615.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-504d846 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"504d846\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Fig. 5 &#8211; Frappe faible<\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-26ea81b\" data-id=\"26ea81b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68e9c75 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"68e9c75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_photomorph_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"381\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2_b_020600_02_01.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4650\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2_b_020600_02_01.jpg 780w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2_b_020600_02_01-300x147.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2_b_020600_02_01-768x375.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2_b_020600_02_01-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2_b_020600_02_01-600x293.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8199b7d ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8199b7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Fig. 6 &#8211; Double frappe<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad ob-bb-inner elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4592d6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"4592d6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-535ecd5\" data-id=\"535ecd5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a3fe4b ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4a3fe4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-546b8c9 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"546b8c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>LES FAUX POUR SERVIR<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f5c8c2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0f5c8c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-84e36ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"84e36ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33d9099\" data-id=\"33d9099\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5ca96a ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e5ca96a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fabriqu\u00e9s pour tromper le public \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de la circulation normale de leur mod\u00e8le, ces\u00a0<em><strong>faux\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>sont tout \u00e0 fait collectionn\u00e9s et ne doivent surtout pas \u00eatre confondus avec les \u00ab faux pour collectionneurs \u00bb, fabrications contemporaines destin\u00e9es \u00e0 escroquer le collectionneur.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31975ac\" data-id=\"31975ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a58c08 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a58c08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat du faux pour servir est d\u2019autant plus grand qu\u2019il est bien r\u00e9ussi, qu\u2019il s\u2019int\u00e8gre et illustre l\u2019histoire \u00e9conomique de la p\u00e9riode, voire qu\u2019il imite une monnaie par ailleurs rarissime, ou mieux qu\u2019il invente un mill\u00e9sime qui n\u2019existe pas, comme la 20 francs or 1915&#8230; On remarque une \u20acnouveaut\u00e9 : faux pour servir et faux pour collectionneurs peuvent \u00eatre simultan\u00e9s ! Vous pouvez sur le catalogue en ligne consulter les\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/fr\/catalogues\/catalogue_artefacts.php?lg=fr&amp;type=7\">artefacts que nous avons list\u00e9s<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad ob-bb-inner elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a1c80c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"6a1c80c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2faf527\" data-id=\"2faf527\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69a7a85 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"69a7a85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e370fca ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e370fca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_spacerat_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dc782f ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3dc782f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>LES INVENTIONS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d29ad70 elementor-widget-divider--view-line ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d29ad70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c152c02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"c152c02\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a1cd3b\" data-id=\"6a1cd3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad ob-bb-inner elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d3dc3cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"d3dc3cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a6f49a\" data-id=\"6a6f49a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3362a51 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3362a51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La collection d\u2019euro a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une nouvelle cat\u00e9gorie de pi\u00e8ces que nous appellerons poliment des \u00ab inventions \u00bb. On peut appeler ainsi toutes les monnaies \u00e0 l\u2019apparence d\u2019euro fabriqu\u00e9es par des personnes priv\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019image de pi\u00e8ces du Danemark, d\u2019Angleterre, d\u2019essais du Vatican ou Dieu sait quoi d\u2019autre.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-51bdec1\" data-id=\"51bdec1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2af87a9 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2af87a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Des monnaies de ce type ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 exist\u00e9, comme les monnaies de pr\u00e9tendants, ou les monnaies apocryphes (comme celles d\u2019Or\u00e9lie-Antoine Ier, Roi de Patagonie et d\u2019Araucanie, voir MONNAIES VIII, n\u00b0 1865) mais celles-ci avaient presque toujours une motivation politique ou m\u00e9taphysique. Les inventions li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019euro ont toutes pour unique motivation le profit et l\u2019exploitation des collectionneurs : par exemple, la firme qui a produit les euros \u00ab anglais \u00bb se moque \u00e9perdument de savoir si l\u2019Angleterre va ou non int\u00e9grer la zone euro. Ces fabrications ne sont absolument pas officielles, ne sont en aucun cas des essais ni des projets officiels et n\u2019ont rigoureusement aucune l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9. Ceux qui les ach\u00e8tent doivent le savoir.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"ob-is-breaking-bad elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d7c90d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"7d7c90d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_use_it&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_bbad_sssic_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-766ea1be\" data-id=\"766ea1be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd3270e\" data-id=\"5cd3270e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-76598af\" data-id=\"76598af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_bbad_is_stalker&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_teleporter_use&quot;:false,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8531f3 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-creative-button\" data-id=\"a8531f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_perspektive_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"eael-creative-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"eael-creative-button-wrapper\">\n\n            <a class=\"eael-creative-button eael-creative-button--ujarak eael-cb-icon-position-\" href=\"#\" data-text=\"Le catalogue\">\n            \t    \n                <div class=\"creative-button-inner\">\n\n                    \n                    <span class=\"cretive-button-text\">The catalogue<\/span>\n\n                                    <\/div>\n\t                        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CATALOGUE EN LIGNE PR\u00c9SENTATION CL\u00c9S DE LECTURE TYPES PHOTOGRAPHIER SA COLLECTION Pr\u00e9sentation Type &#8211; Variante &#8211; Vari\u00e9t\u00e9 &#8211; Artefact Il est clair que toutes ces d\u00e9finitions sont extensibles selon les s\u00e9ries mon\u00e9taires \u00e9tudi\u00e9es et selon la pr\u00e9cision avec laquelle elles sont \u00e9tudi\u00e9es. Par exemple, avant l\u2019invention de la duplication des coins par matrices, d\u2019innombrables variantes pouvaient \u00eatre d\u00e9couvertes dans un m\u00eame type (d\u00e9fini uniquement et strictement par le texte officiel le cr\u00e9ant). La sp\u00e9cialisation joue aussi un grand r\u00f4le dans la d\u00e9finition et l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation de l\u2019importance des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s : une \u00e9tude aussi pr\u00e9cise que celle de G\u00e9rard Cr\u00e9pin sur les doubles tournois, qui prend en compte poin\u00e7ons de buste, l\u00e9gendes, ponctuation des l\u00e9gendes et d\u00e9tails \u00e9pigraphiques, transformerait un simple FRANCI\u00c6 IV (Monnaies royales 1540-1610) en ouvrage de douze tomes \u00e0 lui tout seul. TYPE MON\u00c9TAIRE Un\u00a0type mon\u00e9taire\u00a0est d\u00e9fini par les gravures d\u2019avers ET de revers identiques pour des monnaies destin\u00e9es \u00e0 la circulation. Hors circulation, elles deviennent des essais.Deux monnaies sont de m\u00eame type si elles proviennent des deux m\u00eames matrices d\u2019avers et de revers. Les matrices sont les mod\u00e8les en relief utilis\u00e9s pour fabriquer les coins en creux avec lesquels les monnaies seront frapp\u00e9es. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque moderne, les quantit\u00e9s de coins utilis\u00e9es sont effarantes, compte tenu des masses de monnaies \u00e0 produire : un atelier mon\u00e9taire comme Pessac consommait en moyenne deux cents coins par jour en 2001. Un type correspond \u00e0 un num\u00e9ro dans le catalogue en ligne. Les distinctions mineures de matrices ne sont habituellement pas relev\u00e9es, sauf quand elles apportent une information particuli\u00e8re ou qu\u2019elles sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme intentionnelles. Exemple de changement de matrice : les petites et grandes \u00e9toiles dans les \u00e9missions belges (fig. 1). Ce n\u2019est pas un changement de type car les deux mod\u00e8les sont produits ensemble et il n\u2019y a pas de r\u00e9elle intention de diff\u00e9rence. En revanche, le changement de face europ\u00e9enne des monnaies \u00e0 compter de 2007-2008 provoque un nouveau type pour les monnaies frapp\u00e9es avec la nouvelle carte car le changement est intentionnel et a une signification.On peut parler de s\u00e9rie de types lorsque, pour des valeurs faciales, diam\u00e8tres, tranches ou m\u00e9taux diff\u00e9rents, il y a unicit\u00e9 de dessin et d\u2019artiste pour le mod\u00e8le initial. C\u2019est une caract\u00e9ristique des s\u00e9ries euro qui, le plus souvent, ont un seul type (Irlande, Belgique) ou quelques types (France, Allemagne). Exemple de changement de matrice : les petites et grandes \u00e9toiles dans les \u00e9missions belges (fig. 1). Ce n\u2019est pas un changement de type car les deux mod\u00e8les sont produits ensemble et il n\u2019y a pas de r\u00e9elle intention de diff\u00e9rence. En revanche, le changement de face europ\u00e9enne des monnaies \u00e0 compter de 2007-2008 provoque un nouveau type pour les monnaies frapp\u00e9es avec la nouvelle carte car le changement est intentionnel et a une signification. On peut parler de s\u00e9rie de types lorsque, pour des valeurs faciales, diam\u00e8tres, tranches ou m\u00e9taux diff\u00e9rents, il y a unicit\u00e9 de dessin et d\u2019artiste pour le mod\u00e8le initial. C\u2019est une caract\u00e9ristique des s\u00e9ries euro qui, le plus souvent, ont un seul type (Irlande, Belgique) ou quelques types (France, Allemagne). Fig. 1 &#8211; Les petites et grandes \u00e9toiles belges On parle de type\u00a0hybride\u00a0lorsque des matrices d\u2019avers et de revers dont il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas pr\u00e9vu qu\u2019elles soient utilis\u00e9es ensemble le sont par inadvertance ou par n\u00e9cessit\u00e9. \u00a0Bien qu\u2019il existe des erreurs d\u2019utilisation de paires de coins qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse des bifaces identiques (fig. 2) ou des 1 euro sur flan de 20 cent (fig. 3), ce sont des artefacts car infiniment trop rares et surtout sans possibilit\u00e9 de circulation : le public les remarque imm\u00e9diatement et les donne \u00e0 un collectionneur ou les rapporte \u00e0 sa banque pour \u00e9change. (Errare humanum est !) Nous avons par exemple un type hybride lorsque les ateliers utilisent la vieille carte d\u2019Europe en face commune avec un mill\u00e9sime pr\u00e9vu pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 avec la nouvelle carte d\u2019Europe. Avant que l\u2019erreur ne soit d\u00e9tect\u00e9e, ces pi\u00e8ces circulent sans probl\u00e8me dans le public qui ne remarque manifestement rien. Fig. 2 &#8211; Une pi\u00e8ce de 1 euro \u00e0 bifaces identiques Fig. 3 &#8211; Une pi\u00e8ce de 1 euro fran\u00e7aise sur le flan d&rsquo;une 20 cent VARIANTES Pour un m\u00eame type mon\u00e9taire (m\u00eames gravures d\u2019avers et de revers), il existe souvent de nombreuses variantes qui correspondent aux diff\u00e9rents coins produits durant les diff\u00e9rentes ann\u00e9es pendant lesquelles le type est utilis\u00e9. \u00a0 Ces variantes sont intentionnelles et elles ont une signification. On trouve, liste non exhaustive, les variantes de mill\u00e9simes, d\u2019ateliers, de diff\u00e9rents de ma\u00eetres graveurs, \u00e9ventuellement de plusieurs diff\u00e9rents, \u00e9ventuellement des variantes de taille des diff\u00e9rents ou lettres d\u2019atelier. Exemple de variante : l&rsquo;orientation de l&rsquo;abeille sur la 1 euro 1999 fran\u00e7aise (fig. 4). Fig. 4 &#8211; Variante (en bas) de la 1euro 1999 fran\u00e7aise La r\u00e8gle absolue est que ces variantes doivent correspondre \u00e0 des frappes ou des coins diff\u00e9rents et doivent avoir une signification ou un sens numismatique. Parmi les cas \u00ab limite \u00bb, on trouve par exemple les tranches A et B dans les 2 euro qui n\u2019ont certainement aucune signification mon\u00e9taire mais sont reconnues comme variantes de plein droit par les collectionneurs depuis le d\u00e9but. La variante d\u2019un type a une ligne propre et un sous-num\u00e9ro dans le catalogue en ligne. Notons cependant que pour les comm\u00e9moratives euro non circulantes, trop peu de collectionneurs s\u2019int\u00e9ressent aux tranches A et B pour cr\u00e9er des sous-num\u00e9ros suppl\u00e9mentaires.Les diff\u00e9rences non intentionnelles de gravure sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es soit comme des variantes, soit comme des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s, soit ne sont pas distingu\u00e9es (nous verrons ces deux derniers cas dans les paragraphes suivants), le plus souvent selon l\u2019usage. Note :\u00a0le terme \u00ab\u00a0vari\u00e9t\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb \u00e9tant utilis\u00e9 par une grande partie des collectionneurs, et la langue anglaise ne proposant qu&rsquo;un terme pour parler tant des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s\u00a0que des variantes, nous utiliserons\u00a0g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le terme d&rsquo;usage \u00ab\u00a0vari\u00e9t\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb au d\u00e9triment du terme plus acad\u00e9mique de \u00ab\u00a0variante\u00a0\u00bb. VARI\u00c9T\u00c9S Une\u00a0vari\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0est une diff\u00e9rence non intentionnelle d\u2019une variante, sans justification l\u00e9gale particuli\u00e8re, pr\u00e9sente dans le coin. Dans le catalogue en ligne, elle est signal\u00e9e par une note en commentaires. Sont par exemple<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[368],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4636","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-catalogue","pmpro-has-access"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4636","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4636"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4636\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77821,"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4636\/revisions\/77821"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4636"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4636"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amisdeleuro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4636"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}